Saudi Arabia has officially abolished the Kafala System, a decades-old framework that linked migrant workers directly to their employers, often requiring employer authorization for significant decisions such as changing employment or exiting the country.
The kingdom is replacing this system with a contractual model, a reform intended to enhance worker mobility and independence. This shift is expected to benefit over one million migrant workers within Saudi Arabia by facilitating job transfers upon contract completion without prior employer approval.
Regionally, Bahrain eliminated its Kafala system in 2009, and the United Arab Emirates modified its regulations in 2015. However, Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman reportedly continue to operate under strict versions of the system.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/world/what-is-kafala-system-in-saudi-and-how-its-abolition-could-help-millions-of-indian-migrant-workers-10321270/